《对话意识》读后感1000字

《对话意识》是一本由苏珊·布莱克摩尔著作，浙江大学出版社出版的平装图书，本书定价：CNY 48.00，页数：2016-9-30，特精心收集的读后感，希望对大家能有帮助。

《对话意识》读后感(一)：好书！

强烈推荐

意识问题是什么？意识是与脑分离的东西吗？我们都会变成僵尸吗？我们有自由意志吗？我们是否能无自由意志而生活？意识的演化有理由吗？拥有超心理学博士学位的英国自由撰稿人苏珊·布莱克摩尔的研究兴趣在意识、演化理论和米姆理论上。她为此采访了当代意识研究领域的著名研究者，讨论了一系列关于意识的论题，特别是意识的本质以及如何理解人类心灵。本书记录了她与20多位世界一流的哲学家和神经系统科学家之间生动而迷人的对话，他们大都通过神经科学的方法来探讨意识问题，这显示出这些有影响力的思想家与众不同的个性和风格，并且揭示出他们的学说和信念中大量极为迷人的细节，展现了对话者究竟如何思考心智、脑和意识。因此，这堪称是部由世界上最杰出的学者对如何思考“人类存在”这一深刻问题给出的一个灵活、可读和深入浅出的导论。

《对话意识》读后感(二)：短评

这书有一个好处，作者问的主要问题都一样，但问的对象却有很大差别。从不同的对象里能看出不同的“观”，这些“观”根深蒂固到了一定程度，所以即使他们有些人学的东西一样(比如物理)，但是得出的结论却大相径庭。作者老是提“禅修”，遇到讲“冥想”就high了。我却在看“冥想”的几位的论证时觉得味同嚼蜡(当然他们的一些实验还是可以的)。科学家挖坑哲学家，哲学家挖苦科学家。世界观不同，讲不到一块。不过有几个哲学家扯概念是真厉害，让人受到神秘主义的熏陶，欲罢不能。然后科学家一讲，好吧，思路都梳理了，至少知道接下来要干什么了。而哲学家的话能让大脑中病毒，陷入无限分形。

不过书里每个料都是有意思的，无论是思想实验还是真实实验。附录里有术语表，很好用。

PS:这里的科学家，哲学家是我主观的分类。

附部分摘录

历史留下了一连串的哲学理论:交互作用论、平行论、物质主义、观念主义、中立一元论、行为主义、同一性理论、功能主义、副现象论、涌现论、属性二元论、泛心论……对于后来者，它们会不会变成一处处曾经辉煌、供人凭吊的思想废墟呢？ 它衍生出一系列“神经X学”，诸如神经哲学、神经现象学、神经教育学或教育神经科学、神经创新学、神经伦理学、神经经济学、神经管理学、神经法学、神经政治学、神经美学、神经宗教学等。 正如神经科学家斯蒂文·罗斯(Steven Rose)告诫的那样，神经科学需要自我警惕，它需要与人性中意义性的层面“和平共处”，因为“在‘我’(别管这个‘我’是什么意思)体验到痛时，即使我认识到参与这种体验的内分泌和神经过程，但这并不会使我体验到的痛或者愤怒变得不‘真实。……” access consciousness and phenomenal conscious Essentially philosophers often ask good questions,but they have no techniques for getting the answers.Therefore you should not pay too much attention to their discussions.

《对话意识》读后感(三)：大佬小传

伯纳德·巴尔斯Bernie Baars was born in Amsterdam (1946), moved to Los Angeles when

he was 11 years old, and studied psychology at UCLA. Rejecting the behaviourism

of the time, he trained first in psycholinguistics, and then changed

to cognitive neuroscience and became interested in artificial intelligence and

consciousness. From the early 1980s he began developing Global Workspace

Theory, which is described in his books A Cognitive Theory of Consciousness

(1988) and In the Theatre of Consciousness (1997). He is Senior Fellow in

Theoretical Neurobiology at the Neurosciences Institute in San Diego,

California. He is co-editor of the journal Consciousness and Cognition and

founding Editor of the web newsletter Science and Consciousness Review and

of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness (ASSC).

内德·布洛克Ned Block ( b. 1942) gained his PhD in philosophy from Harvard, held the

Chair of the Philosophy Program at MIT, and since 1996 has been Professor

of Philosophy and Psychology at NYU. He is best known for his criticisms

of cognitive science and functionalism, for thought experiments such as

the Chinese nation or China brain discussed here, and for his distinction

between access consciousness and phenomenal consciousness. He edited

The Nature of Consciousness: Philosophical Debates (1997).

大卫·查默斯Born in Australia (1966), David Chalmers originally intended to be a mathematician,

but soon became interested in consciousness instead. He studied

at Oxford, before working in Douglas Hofstadter’s research group for a PhD

in philosophy and cognitive science in 1983. His philosophical interests range

from artificial intelligence and computation to issues of meaning and possibility.

He coined the term ‘the hard problem’, contrasting it with the ‘easy

problems’ of consciousness. After many years as Director of the Center for

Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona, where he organized the

biennial ‘Toward a Science of Consciousness’ conferences, he has returned

to Australia as Director for Consciousness Studies at the Australian National

University in Canberra.

帕特里夏&保罗·丘奇兰德Pat was born (1943) and brought up in Canada, studied at Pittsburgh and

Oxford, and then married fellow philosopher Paul Churchland (b. 1942). They

worked together at the University of Manitoba and the Institute of Advanced

Study in Princeton before moving in 1984 to the University of California at

San Diego where they are both professors of Philosophy, working at the

boundaries of philosophy of mind and cognitive neuroscience.

Pat is known for her outspoken views on consciousness, describing the

hard problem as a ‘Hornswoggle problem’ that will go the way of phlogiston

or caloric fluid; rejecting the philosopher’s zombie as the feeblest of thoughtexperiments,

and comparing quantum coherence in microtubules to pixie

dust in the synapses. She is author of Neurophilosophy (1986) and Brainwise

(2002). Paul is best known for his eliminative materialism and his

rejection of such common-sense folk psychological concepts as beliefs and

desires. His books include Matter and Consciousness (1984) and The Engine

of Reason: The Seat of the Soul (1996).

弗朗西斯·克里克Sir Francis Crick (1916–2004) is best known for his collaboration with James

D. Watson in their discovery of the structure of DNA: the double helix. They received

the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for this world-changing discovery

in 1962. Originally studying physics in London, Crick spent the war years

working for the Admiralty. He left in 1947, wanting to pursue the mystery of

life and the boundary between living and non-living things, and so trained in

biology, getting a PhD in X-ray diffraction at the University of Cambridge

in 1954. Years later he changed tack again and began theoretical work on

vision, the function of dreams and the nature of consciousness. Until his death

in 2004 he was a professor at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, where

he collaborated closely with Christof Koch on their search for the neural correlates

of visual consciousness. He is author of The Astonishing Hypothesis (1994).

丹尼尔·丹尼特Dan Dennett was born (1942) in Boston, studied at Harvard, and took his

DPhil in Oxford in 1965, where he studied with Gilbert Ryle. Since 1971 he

has been at Tufts University in Massachusetts where he is Director of the

Center for Cognitive Studies. In the field of consciousness studies he is best

known for his rejection of the Cartesian theatre in favour of his theory of multiple

drafts, and for the method of heterophenomenology, but he has a long

standing interest in artificial intelligence and robots, in evolutionary theory

and memetics, and in the problems of free will. He spends the summers

on his farm in Maine where he thinks about consciousness while sailing,

mowing the hay, or making his own cider. Among his many books are The

Intentional Stance (1987), Consciousness Explained (1991), Darwin’s Dangerous

Idea (1996), and Freedom Evolves (2003).

苏珊·格林菲尔德Baroness Greenfield (b. 1950) took classics at school but changed to psychology

and physiology at Oxford. She then did a DPhil in pharmacology at

Oxford before becoming lecturer and then Professor of Pharmacology there.

In 1998 she became Director of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, and in

2001 became a Life Peer. Her research concerns neuronal mechanisms and

degeneration in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease as well as the brain

basis of consciousness, and she has founded two neurotechnology companies.

Her books include Journey to the Centers of the Mind (1995), The Private

Life of the Brain (2000), and Tomorrow’s People (2003).

理查德·格雷戈里Richard (b. 1923) served in the RAF during the Second World War and then

went to Cambridge to read philosophy and experimental psychology, where

he remained for many years, directing the Special Senses Laboratory, investigating

the recovery of a completely blind man, and beginning his work on

visual illusions and the idea of perceptions as hypotheses. In 1967 he founded

the Department of Machine Intelligence and Perception in the University

of Edinburgh and worked on early robots. Then from 1970 he moved to

Bristol where he was Professor of Neuropsychology and Director of the

Brain and Perception Laboratory, and where his love of science and asking

questions about everything led him to found the hands-on science centre,

the Exploratory. Among his many books are Eye and Brain (1966), Mind

in Science (1981), and Odd Perceptions (1986). He is editor of the Oxford

Companion to the Mind (2004).

斯图尔特·哈梅罗夫Stuart (b. 1947) originally studied chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh,

and took his medical degree in Philadelphia before training as an anaesthesiologist.

In 1973 he moved to Arizona where he has combined his medical

career with a long-standing interest in consciousness, the loss of consciousness

under anaesthesia, and quantum physics. He is best known for his

collaboration with Roger Penrose on the theory that consciousness depends

on quantum coherence in microtubules. He is Director of the Center for

Consciousness Studies at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

克里斯托弗·科赫Christof was born in Kansas (1956) but grew up in Holland, Germany,

Canada, and Morocco. He studied physics and philosophy in Tübingen,

Germany, and gained his PhD there in 1982. After four years at MIT he moved

to Caltech where he is Professor of Computation and Neural Systems and

head of the Koch Lab. For many years he collaborated with Francis Crick,

searching for the neurological seat of consciousness, and ultimately developing

a framework for understanding how consciousness arises from the

interactions of neurons in the cortex and thalamus. He is a keen mountaineer

and runner. He is author of a textbook Biophysics of Computation (1999) and

The Quest for Consciousness (2003).

斯蒂芬·拉伯奇Stephen (b. 1947) originally studied mathematics and chemical physics,

before taking a break and then returning to work for a PhD in psychophysiology

at Stanford. This included his pioneering work showing that lucid dreams

really do take place during REM sleep. Since then he has continued research on

lucid dreaming and the psychophysiological correlates of states of consciousness

at Stanford. In 1988 he founded the Lucidity Institute. His books include

Lucid Dreaming (1985) and Exploring the World of Lucid Dreaming (1990).

托马斯·梅青格尔Thomas (b. 1958) studied at Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt,

did his doctorate on mind-body problems at Frankfurt University, and since

then has taught at several universities in Germany and the USA. His philosophical

interests include ethics, the nature of self, and the philosophy of

science and especially of cognitive science and neuroscience. He is best known

for his self-model theory of subjective experience, and is a long-term meditator.

He is Professor of Philosophy, and Director of the Theoretical Philosophy

Group at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität in Mainz. He has edited

Conscious Experience (1996) and Neural Correlates of Consciousness (2000) and

is author of Being No One (2003).

凯文·欧里根Kevin O’Regan (b. 1948) studied Mathematical Physics at Sussex University

and then at Cambridge where, after two years, he switched to Psychology and

a PhD on eye movements in reading. He has studied word recognition,

change blindness, and the stability of the visual world despite eye movements

and is trying to understand the phenomenal experience associated with

sensory stimulation, in part through developing a sensorimotor theory of

vision. Apart from science, his favourite activity is Capoeira. He is Director

of the Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Centre National de la

Recherche Scientifique in Paris.

罗杰·彭罗斯Sir Roger Penrose (b. 1931) studied in London and took his PhD in algebraic

geometry at Cambridge. While there he began working on tessellation, work

which led to his discovery of the Penrose chickens, two shapes that will completely

tile a surface without ever repeating the pattern. He subsequently

worked on many topics in pure and applied mathematics and cosmology,

inventing twistor theory and working closely with Stephen Hawking among

others. In 1973 he became Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the

University of Oxford, and in 1994 he was knighted for services to science. His

work on consciousness and its links with quantum mechanics is described in

his books The Emperor’s New Mind (1989) and Shadows of the Mind (1994).

维拉亚纳·拉马钱德兰Originally from India, Rama (b. 1951) trained as a physician in the USA, and

then did his PhD at Trinity College, Cambridge. His earliest research was in

vision but he is best known now for his work on neurology and synaesthesia,

as well as his interest in Indian art and the connections between art, vision,

and the brain. He is Professor of Neurosciences and Psychology, and Director

of the Center for Brain and Cognition at the University of California, San Diego,

and Adjunct Professor of Biology at the Salk Institute. He is author of

Phantoms in the Brain (1998) and A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness (2004)

约翰·塞尔John Searle (b. 1932) is Mills Professor of Philosophy at Berkeley, where he

has been since 1959. He says he is, and always has been, ‘interested in everything’.

After studying at the University of Wisconsin, he spent three years as

a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford and became a don at Christ Church College. He

has won numerous awards, and whole conferences have been devoted to his

work. His Chinese room thought experiment is probably the best known

argument against the possibility of ‘Strong AI’; a term that he invented. He

says that brains cause minds and argues for biological naturalism. He has

written books on language, rationality, and consciousness, including The

Rediscovery of the Mind (1992), The Mystery of Consciousness (1997), and Mind:

A brief introduction (2004).

佩特拉·施特里希Petra Stoerig studied philosophy in Munich and then gained her PhD for work

on the mind-body problem there in 1982. That led to work on neurophilosophy

and medical psychology, as well as research on the phenomenon of blindsight.

Her research interests include the neuronal basis of consciousness,

neurophilosophy and conscious vision; she loves opera and animals and

has a special interest in ethics in science and medicine. She has worked in

Oxford, Montreal, and several universities in Germany, and holds the Chair of

Experimental Biological Psychology at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf.

弗朗西斯科·瓦雷拉Born in Chile, Francisco (1946–2001) studied biology before moving to the

USA for a PhD on insect vision at Harvard, subsequently working in France,

Germany, Chile, and the United States. He once said that he pursued one

question all his life. Why do emergent selves or virtual identities pop up

all over the place？ He was best known for his work on three topics:

autopoiesis, or self-organization in living things, the enactive view of the

nervous system and cognition, and the immune system. His many years of

Buddhist meditation influenced his work on consciousness, and he was

uniquely both a phenomenologist and a working neuroscientist, coining

the term neurophenomenology. Until his death he was Director of Research

at CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) at the laboratory

of Cognitive Neurosciences and Brain Imaging in Paris. He has written

and edited books on ethics, consciousness, and phenomenology and is

co-author of The Embodied Mind (1992).

马克斯·威尔曼斯Born in Amsterdam (1942), Max Velmans did his first degree in Electrical

Engineering at Sydney and his PhD in Psychology at the University of London.

He describes his interests as folk guitar, sailing, and the nature of the universe.

His work aims to integrate philosophy, neuropsychology, and mind-body relationships

in clinical practice, to develop a programme for a nonreductionist

science of consciousness. He is Professor of Psychology at Goldsmiths

College, University of London. He has edited collections of papers on consciousness

and is author of Understanding Consciousness (2000) and How

Could Conscious Experiences Affect Brains？ (2003).

丹尼尔·韦格纳Born in Canada (1948), Daniel Wegner studied physics in Michigan but

changed to psychology as an anti-war statement in 1969, and began work on

questions of self control, agency, and free will. He has done numerous experiments

on thought suppression, as well as how the illusion of free will is created.

He not only plays the piano but has four synthesizers and composes

techno music. He spent 15 years teaching at Trinity College in Texas, and then

became Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. He is author or editor

of books on the self and social cognition as well as White Bears and Other

Unwanted Thoughts (1989) and The Illusion of Conscious Will (2002).

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